MASTERY PROJECT
LO 1.A.1: Compare how various models of representative democracy are reflected through major institutions,
policies, events, or debates in the U.S.
Representative democracy is a form of government founded on the principle of elected individuals representing the people, as opposed to autocracy and direct democracy. Representative democracy is reflected in the U.S. in many ways. The U.S. chooses a president and elects Congress which is a perfect example of Representative democracy. Rep democracy is made to benefit the people and meet their needs and wants. Today, representatives are usually elected in multi-party elections that are made to be fair.
LO 1.B.1: Analyze and compare democratic ideals reflected in US foundational documents.
LO 1.B.2: Compare and interpret Federalist and Anti‐Federalist views on central government and democracy.
Federalists favored Constitution and was led by Madison, Hamilton, and Jay.They stressed weaknesses of Articles; strong government.
Needed to protect nation and solve domestic problems. Checks and balances would protect against abuses. Protection of property rights
and Constitution is a bill of rights with limitations and reserved powers for the states; state constitutions already had protections in bills of rights. Anti-Federalists opposed Constitution and was led by Henry, Mason, and Samuel Adam. Wanted strong state governments; feared a strong national government. Created a strong executive similar to monarchy and wanted fewer limits on popular participation.
Also wanted a bill of rights to protect citizens against government.
LO 1.C.1: Explain the relationship between key provisions of the Articles of Confederation and the debate over
granting greater power to the federal government formerly reserved to the states.
The Articles of Confederation were made to unite the states and make decisions be majority rule. The whole idea ended up backfiring and ended up having many flaws and weaknesses. The national government was relatively weak while the federal government had a lot of power and authority. With no central government to control them, the states taxed each other, printed their own money, made treaties with foreign governments, and often refused to uphold the laws of the Confederation government.
LO 1.C.2: Analyze causes and effects of constitutional compromises in addressing political, economic, and regional divisions.
Virginia Plan. Bicameral legislature. Had lower house elected by the people and upper house chosen by lower house from nominees submitted by state legislatures. New Jersey Plan. Unicameral legislature and representatives chosen by state legislatures. Each state receives one vote. Representation in each house based on population and/or monetary contributions to the national government by the state. Representation in house would be equal among the states. Single executive chosen by legislative branch, limited to one term only, could veto legislative acts, removal by Congress. Plural executive chosen by legislative branch, no veto powers, removal by the states. Judges chosen by legislative branch and appointed for life by the executive.
LO 1.C.3: Explain how the issues raised in the ratification debate are reflected in ongoing philosophical disagreements
about democracy and governmental power.
LO 1.D.1: Evaluate the relationship between separation of powers and checks and balances.
Separation of powers - power is separated among three branches of government; each has its own powers and duties and is independent of and equal to the other branches. Checks and balances - each branch is subject to restraints by the other two branches.
LO 1.E.1: Assess how the distribution of powers among three federal branches affects policy making.
Legislative passes laws, Judiciary enforces laws, and Executive interprets laws. These make up the three branches. Legislative may override president's veto by two-thirds vote of both houses and may impeach and remove president from office. Executive can have the President veto acts of Congress. President may call special sessions of Congress. Judicial may rule legislative acts unconstitutional or have the Chief justice preside over impeachment of president.
LO 1.F.1: Explain how and why the appropriate balance of power between national and state governments has
been interpreted differently over time.
LO 1.F.2: Analyze questions over the allocation and scope of central power within a federal structure.
LO 1.A.1: Compare how various models of representative democracy are reflected through major institutions,
policies, events, or debates in the U.S.
Representative democracy is a form of government founded on the principle of elected individuals representing the people, as opposed to autocracy and direct democracy. Representative democracy is reflected in the U.S. in many ways. The U.S. chooses a president and elects Congress which is a perfect example of Representative democracy. Rep democracy is made to benefit the people and meet their needs and wants. Today, representatives are usually elected in multi-party elections that are made to be fair.
LO 1.B.1: Analyze and compare democratic ideals reflected in US foundational documents.
LO 1.B.2: Compare and interpret Federalist and Anti‐Federalist views on central government and democracy.
Federalists favored Constitution and was led by Madison, Hamilton, and Jay.They stressed weaknesses of Articles; strong government.
Needed to protect nation and solve domestic problems. Checks and balances would protect against abuses. Protection of property rights
and Constitution is a bill of rights with limitations and reserved powers for the states; state constitutions already had protections in bills of rights. Anti-Federalists opposed Constitution and was led by Henry, Mason, and Samuel Adam. Wanted strong state governments; feared a strong national government. Created a strong executive similar to monarchy and wanted fewer limits on popular participation.
Also wanted a bill of rights to protect citizens against government.
LO 1.C.1: Explain the relationship between key provisions of the Articles of Confederation and the debate over
granting greater power to the federal government formerly reserved to the states.
The Articles of Confederation were made to unite the states and make decisions be majority rule. The whole idea ended up backfiring and ended up having many flaws and weaknesses. The national government was relatively weak while the federal government had a lot of power and authority. With no central government to control them, the states taxed each other, printed their own money, made treaties with foreign governments, and often refused to uphold the laws of the Confederation government.
LO 1.C.2: Analyze causes and effects of constitutional compromises in addressing political, economic, and regional divisions.
Virginia Plan. Bicameral legislature. Had lower house elected by the people and upper house chosen by lower house from nominees submitted by state legislatures. New Jersey Plan. Unicameral legislature and representatives chosen by state legislatures. Each state receives one vote. Representation in each house based on population and/or monetary contributions to the national government by the state. Representation in house would be equal among the states. Single executive chosen by legislative branch, limited to one term only, could veto legislative acts, removal by Congress. Plural executive chosen by legislative branch, no veto powers, removal by the states. Judges chosen by legislative branch and appointed for life by the executive.
LO 1.C.3: Explain how the issues raised in the ratification debate are reflected in ongoing philosophical disagreements
about democracy and governmental power.
LO 1.D.1: Evaluate the relationship between separation of powers and checks and balances.
Separation of powers - power is separated among three branches of government; each has its own powers and duties and is independent of and equal to the other branches. Checks and balances - each branch is subject to restraints by the other two branches.
LO 1.E.1: Assess how the distribution of powers among three federal branches affects policy making.
Legislative passes laws, Judiciary enforces laws, and Executive interprets laws. These make up the three branches. Legislative may override president's veto by two-thirds vote of both houses and may impeach and remove president from office. Executive can have the President veto acts of Congress. President may call special sessions of Congress. Judicial may rule legislative acts unconstitutional or have the Chief justice preside over impeachment of president.
LO 1.F.1: Explain how and why the appropriate balance of power between national and state governments has
been interpreted differently over time.
LO 1.F.2: Analyze questions over the allocation and scope of central power within a federal structure.